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Primary and Secondary Sources: Examples by Subject |
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Subject |
Primary Source |
Secondary Source |
| Art | A painting | An article about a painting |
| Frida Khalo's painting Memory, 1937 |
Grimbert, Salomon. (1990). Frida Kahlo's Memory: The piercing of the heart by the arrow of divine love. Women's Art Journal, 11 (2), 3-7. |
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| Biology |
Biology research study |
A biology textbook |
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Piruat, J., and Millan-Ucles, A. (2014). Genetically modeled mice with mutations in mitochondrial metabolic enzymes for the study of cancer. Frontiers of Oncology, 4, 1-9. doi:10339/fonc.2014.0020 |
Reece, J. (2011). Campbell biology. Boston: Benjamin Cummings. | |
| Business |
Research on entrepreneurship education |
A blog post |
| Volery, T., et al. (2013). The impact of entrepreneurship education on human capital at upper-secondary level. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 429-446. doi:10.1111/jsbm.12020 | Stefanova, K. (November 10, 2014). Creative ways to raise money for your startup. [Blog post]. Forbes.com. | |
| Elementary Education |
A quantitative study about school hours |
News article about longer school days |
| Bellei, C. (2009). Does lengthening the school day increase students' academic achievement? Economics of Education Review, 28, 629-640. | Taboado, M. (May 8, 2011). Austin school district implements sweeping changes to boost performance at struggling schools. Austin American Statesman. | |
| English | A literary work | Critical examination of a literary work |
| Lee, H. (1960). To kill a mockingbird. | Gibbons, L. (2009). To kill a mockingbird in the classroom. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English. | |
| History | Letters | A biography |
| Pinckney, E. (1972). The letterbook of Eliza Lucas Pinckney, 1739-1762. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. | Williams, F. (1967). Plantation patriot: A biography of Eliza Lucas Pinckney (1st ed.). New York: Harcourt, Brace & World. | |
| Library and Information Science | A case study | Analysis of the case study |
| O'Sullivan, M., and Dallas, K. (2010). A collaborative approach to implementing 21st century skills in a high school senior research class. Education Libraries, 33(1), 3-9. | E. Gruenbaum. (2012). Common literacy struggles with collge students: Using the reciprocal teaching technique. Journal of College Reading and Learning, Journal of College Reading and Learning, 42 (2), 110-116. | |
| Mathematics | A research study | A newspaper article |
| Freeman, B. (2012). Using digital technologies to redress inequities for English language learners in the English speaking mathemaics classroom. Computers & Education, 59(1), 50-62. | Zarnow, T. (January 23, 2013). A penguin can teach math. Orange County Register. | |
| Nursing | A study about nurses | A Wall Street Journal article about the study |
| Trinkoff, A. et al. (2011). Nurses' work schedule characteristics, nurse staffing, and patient mortality. Nursing Research, 60, 1-8. | Landro, L. (January 3, 2012). When nurses catch compassion fatigue, patients suffer. Wall Street Journal. | |
| Science Education | A study about teaching biology | A book chapter that discusses the study |
| Nannie, E., and Plakitisi, K. (2013) Investigating new paths in the teaching of plant processes in elementary schools. World Journal of Education, 3(4), 52-70. doi:10.5430/wje.v3n4p52 | Eijk, Michiel. (2013). Reflexivity and diversity in science education research in Europe. In Mansour, N. (Ed.), Science education for diversity. New York: Springer. | |
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